12 Prática sobre Ferramentas de Desenvolvimento e Frameworks Ethereum: Testes e Deploy de Contratos com Hardhat
Introdução aos Testes e Deploy com Hardhat
Resumo
Nesta aula são apresentadas algumas ferramentas de Desenvolvimento e Frameworks para o desenvolvimento e implantação de Contratos Inteligentes. Introduzimos o hardhat, que como vimos pode ser utilizado para testar, e agora vamos explorar o comando migrate para fazermos a implantação dos contratos. Iremos fazer o deploy para as redes simuladas do hardhat e para a Rede Privada Local, a etherprivate.
12.1 Introdução
O HardHat é um toolkit parecido com o Truffle. É uma suíte de ferramentas para ajudar na criação de contratos inteligentes, automatizando o desenvolvimento. É desenvolvido em Node.js e por isso que precisamos ter o Node instalado antes.
12.2 Instalação das Ferramentas
Para instalar o HardHat vamos usar o npm, o gerenciador de pacotes do Node. Primeiro crie uma pasta para o seu projeto, vou chamar de projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat e depois inicialize ela com o npm e instale o HardHat, como abaixo.
Instale o
VSCodee a extensãoSolidityda empresaNomic Foundation.Instale o
Hardhat.
$ npm init -y
$ npm install -D hardhatComandos possíves com o Hardhat:
$ npx hardhat --help
Hardhat version 2.22.15
Usage: hardhat [GLOBAL OPTIONS] [SCOPE] <TASK> [TASK OPTIONS]
GLOBAL OPTIONS:
--config A Hardhat config file.
--emoji Use emoji in messages.
--flamegraph Generate a flamegraph of your Hardhat tasks
--help Shows this message, or a task's help if its name is provided
--max-memory The maximum amount of memory that Hardhat can use.
--network The network to connect to.
--show-stack-traces Show stack traces (always enabled on CI servers).
--tsconfig A TypeScript config file.
--typecheck Enable TypeScript type-checking of your scripts/tests
--verbose Enables Hardhat verbose logging
--version Shows hardhat's version.
AVAILABLE TASKS:
check Check whatever you need
clean Clears the cache and deletes all artifacts
compile Compiles the entire project, building all artifacts
console Opens a hardhat console
coverage Generates a code coverage report for tests
flatten Flattens and prints contracts and their dependencies. If no file is passed, all the contracts in the project will be flattened.
gas-reporter:merge
help Prints this message
node Starts a JSON-RPC server on top of Hardhat Network
run Runs a user-defined script after compiling the project
test Runs mocha tests
typechain Generate Typechain typings for compiled contracts
verify Verifies a contract on Etherscan or Sourcify
AVAILABLE TASK SCOPES:
ignition Deploy your smart contracts using Hardhat Ignition
vars Manage your configuration variables
To get help for a specific task run: npx hardhat help [SCOPE] <TASK>Mais detalhes de como utilizar o Hardhat podem ser vistos no tutorial do luiztools.
12.3 Criando a estrutura básica do projeto com Hardhat
Iremos criar a estrutura de um projeto básico. Crie um diretório com o nome do projeto, aqui estou utilizando o nome projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts, para a versão \(2\) do hardhat e que utilizará TypeScript. Crie e acesse o diretório e o acesse:
$ mkdir projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts
$ mv package.json projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts/
$ cd projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts/
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts]$Utilizaremos o node \(22\):
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts]$ nvm install 22
Downloading and installing node v22.20.0...
Downloading https://nodejs.org/dist/v22.20.0/node-v22.20.0-linux-x64.tar.xz...
################################################################ 100.0%
Computing checksum with sha256sum
Checksums matched!
Now using node v22.20.0 (npm v10.9.3)Se a versão \(22\) já estiver instalada a mensagem de confirmação irá ser exibida:
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts]$ nvm install 22
v22.20.0 is already installed.
Now using node v22.20.0 (npm v10.9.3)
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts]$ Utilize o comando npm init -y para inicializar os recursos do node:
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts]$ npm init -y
Wrote to /home/rag/projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts/package.json:
{
"name": "projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
},
"keywords": [],
"author": "",
"license": "ISC"
}Inicialize o hardhat no projeto e escolha entre a versão \(2\) ou \(3\):
[rag@backporting projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts]$ npx hardhat --init
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👷 Welcome to Hardhat v3.0.6 👷
? Which version of Hardhat would you like to use? …
▸ Hardhat 3 Beta (recommended for new projects)
Hardhat 2 (older version)Escolhendo a versão \(2\) e o tipo de projeto “A Typescript project using Mocha and Ethers.js”:
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts]$ npx hardhat --init
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👷 Welcome to Hardhat v3.0.6 👷
✔ Which version of Hardhat would you like to use? · hardhat-2
✔ Where would you like to initialize the project?
Please provide either a relative or an absolute path: · .
? What type of project would you like to initialize? …
A Javascript project using Mocha and Ethers.js
A Javascript project using Mocha and Ethers.js (ESM)
▸ A Typescript project using Mocha and Ethers.js
A Typescript project using Mocha and Viem
An empty config file (hardhat.config.js)Escolhendo a versão \(3\):
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v3-ts]$ npx hardhat --init
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👷 Welcome to Hardhat v3.0.6 👷
✔ Which version of Hardhat would you like to use? · hardhat-3
✔ Where would you like to initialize the project?
Please provide either a relative or an absolute path: · .
? What type of project would you like to initialize? …
A Javascript project using Mocha and Ethers.js
A Javascript project using Mocha and Ethers.js (ESM)
▸ A Typescript project using Mocha and Ethers.js
A Typescript project using Mocha and Viem
An empty config file (hardhat.config.js)Escolhendo a versão Typescript:
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v3-ts]$ npx hardhat --init
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👷 Welcome to Hardhat v3.0.6 👷
✔ Which version of Hardhat would you like to use? · hardhat-3
✔ Where would you like to initialize the project?
Please provide either a relative or an absolute path: · .
✔ What type of project would you like to initialize? · mocha-ethers-ts
✨ Template files copied ✨
✔ You need to install the necessary dependencies using the following command:
npm install --save-dev "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers@^2.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers@^3.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition@^0.15.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition-ethers@^0.15.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers@^1.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox@^6.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify@^2.0.0" "@typechain/ethers-v6@^0.5.0" "@typechain/hardhat@^9.0.0" "@types/chai@^4.2.0" "@types/mocha@>=9.1.0" "@types/node@>=20.0.0" "chai@^4.2.0" "ethers@^6.4.0" "hardhat@^2.14.0" "hardhat-gas-reporter@^2.3.0" "solidity-coverage@^0.8.0" "ts-node@>=8.0.0" "typechain@^8.3.0" "typescript@>=4.5.0"
Do you want to run it now? (Y/n) · true
npm install --save-dev "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers@^2.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers@^3.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition@^0.15.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition-ethers@^0.15.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers@^1.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox@^6.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify@^2.0.0" "@typechain/ethers-v6@^0.5.0" "@typechain/hardhat@^9.0.0" "@types/chai@^4.2.0" "@types/mocha@>=9.1.0" "@types/node@>=20.0.0" "chai@^4.2.0" "ethers@^6.4.0" "hardhat@^2.14.0" "hardhat-gas-reporter@^2.3.0" "solidity-coverage@^0.8.0" "ts-node@>=8.0.0" "typechain@^8.3.0" "typescript@>=4.5.0"
npm warn deprecated inflight@1.0.6: This module is not supported, and leaks memory. Do not use it. Check out lru-cache if you want a good and tested way to coalesce async requests by a key value, which is much more comprehensive and powerful.
npm warn deprecated lodash.isequal@4.5.0: This package is deprecated. Use require('node:util').isDeepStrictEqual instead.
npm warn deprecated glob@7.2.3: Glob versions prior to v9 are no longer supported
npm warn deprecated glob@5.0.15: Glob versions prior to v9 are no longer supported
npm warn deprecated glob@7.2.3: Glob versions prior to v9 are no longer supported
npm warn deprecated glob@8.1.0: Glob versions prior to v9 are no longer supported
npm warn deprecated glob@7.1.7: Glob versions prior to v9 are no longer supported
added 583 packages, and audited 584 packages in 36s
115 packages are looking for funding
run `npm fund` for details
15 low severity vulnerabilities
To address all issues possible (including breaking changes), run:
npm audit fix --force
Some issues need review, and may require choosing
a different dependency.
Run `npm audit` for details.
✨ Dependencies installed ✨
Give Hardhat a star on Github if you're enjoying it! ⭐✨
https://github.com/NomicFoundation/hardhat
[rag@backporting projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat]$ [projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat]$ npx hardhat --init
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👷 Welcome to Hardhat v3.0.6 👷
✔ Which version of Hardhat would you like to use? · hardhat-3
✔ Where would you like to initialize the project?
Please provide either a relative or an absolute path: · .
✔ What type of project would you like to initialize? · mocha-ethers
✔ Hardhat only supports ESM projects. Would you like to change "./package.json" to turn your project into ESM? (Y/n) · true
✨ Template files copied ✨
✔ You need to install the necessary dependencies using the following command:
npm install --save-dev "hardhat@^3.0.6" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox-mocha-ethers@^3.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition@^3.0.0" "@types/chai@^4.2.0" "@types/chai-as-promised@^8.0.1" "@types/mocha@>=10.0.10" "@types/node@^22.8.5" "chai@^5.1.2" "ethers@^6.14.0" "forge-std@foundry-rs/forge-std#v1.9.4" "mocha@^11.0.0" "typescript@~5.8.0"
Do you want to run it now? (Y/n) · true
npm install --save-dev "hardhat@^3.0.6" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox-mocha-ethers@^3.0.0" "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition@^3.0.0" "@types/chai@^4.2.0" "@types/chai-as-promised@^8.0.1" "@types/mocha@>=10.0.10" "@types/node@^22.8.5" "chai@^5.1.2" "ethers@^6.14.0" "forge-std@foundry-rs/forge-std#v1.9.4" "mocha@^11.0.0" "typescript@~5.8.0"
npm warn deprecated inflight@1.0.6: This module is not supported, and leaks memory. Do not use it. Check out lru-cache if you want a good and tested way to coalesce async requests by a key value, which is much more comprehensive and powerful.
npm warn deprecated glob@7.1.7: Glob versions prior to v9 are no longer supported
added 274 packages, and audited 275 packages in 36s
71 packages are looking for funding
run `npm fund` for details
found 0 vulnerabilities
✨ Dependencies installed ✨
Give Hardhat a star on Github if you're enjoying it! ⭐✨
https://github.com/NomicFoundation/hardhatExecutando o comando ls é possível verificarmos que a estrutura para o projeto foi criada.
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat]$ ls
contracts node_modules README.md tsconfig.json
hardhat.config.ts package.json scripts
ignition package-lock.json test
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat]$ Se verificarem na versão \(2\) do hardhat, os diretórios criados contracts e test e estão com os arquivos Lock.sol e Lock.ts de exemplo, e foi criado um arquivo de configuração hardhat.config.ts.
Já na versão \(3\) do hardhat, os diretórios criados contracts e test e estão com os arquivos Counter.sol e Counter.t.sol em contracts e Counter.ts no diretório test. São arquivos de um exemplo de contrato e seu teste. Também foi criado um arquivo de configuração hardhat.config.ts.
contracts: diretório para os contratos.test: diretório para os arquivos de teste.hardhat.config.ts: Arquivo de configuração doHardhat.
Executando outra vez o npm init -y, percebam que a lista de dependências foi atualizada para a versão \(2\):
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts]$ npm init -y
Wrote to /home/rag/projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts/package.json:
{
"name": "projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "This project demonstrates a basic Hardhat use case. It comes with a sample contract, a test for that contract, and a Hardhat Ignition module that deploys that contract.",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
},
"keywords": [],
"author": "",
"license": "ISC",
"devDependencies": {
"@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers": "^2.1.0",
"@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ethers": "^3.1.0",
"@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition": "^0.15.13",
"@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition-ethers": "^0.15.14",
"@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers": "^1.1.0",
"@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox": "^6.1.0",
"@nomicfoundation/hardhat-verify": "^2.1.1",
"@typechain/ethers-v6": "^0.5.1",
"@typechain/hardhat": "^9.1.0",
"@types/chai": "^4.3.20",
"@types/mocha": "^10.0.10",
"@types/node": "^24.6.2",
"chai": "^4.5.0",
"ethers": "^6.15.0",
"hardhat": "^2.26.3",
"hardhat-gas-reporter": "^2.3.0",
"solidity-coverage": "^0.8.16",
"ts-node": "^10.9.2",
"typechain": "^8.3.2",
"typescript": "^5.9.3"
},
"directories": {
"test": "test"
},
"dependencies": {
"abbrev": "^1.0.9",
"abitype": "^1.1.0",
"acorn": "^8.15.0",
"acorn-walk": "^8.3.4",
"adm-zip": "^0.4.16",
"aes-js": "^4.0.0-beta.5",
"agent-base": "^6.0.2",
"aggregate-error": "^3.1.0",
"ajv": "^8.17.1",
"amdefine": "^1.0.1",
"ansi-align": "^3.0.1",
"ansi-colors": "^4.1.3",
"ansi-escapes": "^4.3.2",
"ansi-regex": "^5.0.1",
"ansi-styles": "^4.3.0",
"anymatch": "^3.1.3",
"arg": "^4.1.3",
"argparse": "^2.0.1",
"array-back": "^3.1.0",
"array-union": "^2.1.0",
"assertion-error": "^1.1.0",
"astral-regex": "^2.0.0",
"async": "^1.5.2",
"asynckit": "^0.4.0",
"at-least-node": "^1.0.0",
"available-typed-arrays": "^1.0.7",
"axios": "^1.12.2",
"balanced-match": "^1.0.2",
"base-x": "^3.0.11",
"binary-extensions": "^2.3.0",
"blakejs": "^1.2.1",
"bn.js": "^5.2.2",
"boxen": "^5.1.2",
"brace-expansion": "^2.0.2",
"braces": "^3.0.3",
"brorand": "^1.1.0",
"brotli-wasm": "^2.0.1",
"browser-stdout": "^1.3.1",
"browserify-aes": "^1.2.0",
"bs58": "^4.0.1",
"bs58check": "^2.1.2",
"buffer-from": "^1.1.2",
"buffer-xor": "^1.0.3",
"bytes": "^3.1.2",
"call-bind": "^1.0.8",
"call-bind-apply-helpers": "^1.0.2",
"call-bound": "^1.0.4",
"camelcase": "^6.3.0",
"cbor": "^8.1.0",
"chai-as-promised": "^7.1.2",
"chalk": "^4.1.2",
"charenc": "^0.0.2",
"check-error": "^1.0.3",
"chokidar": "^4.0.3",
"ci-info": "^2.0.0",
"cipher-base": "^1.0.7",
"clean-stack": "^2.2.0",
"cli-boxes": "^2.2.1",
"cli-table3": "^0.6.5",
"cliui": "^7.0.4",
"color-convert": "^2.0.1",
"color-name": "^1.1.4",
"combined-stream": "^1.0.8",
"command-exists": "^1.2.9",
"command-line-args": "^5.2.1",
"command-line-usage": "^6.1.3",
"commander": "^8.3.0",
"concat-map": "^0.0.1",
"cookie": "^0.4.2",
"core-util-is": "^1.0.3",
"create-hash": "^1.2.0",
"create-hmac": "^1.1.7",
"create-require": "^1.1.1",
"cross-spawn": "^7.0.6",
"crypt": "^0.0.2",
"death": "^1.1.0",
"debug": "^4.4.3",
"decamelize": "^4.0.0",
"deep-eql": "^4.1.4",
"deep-extend": "^0.6.0",
"deep-is": "^0.1.4",
"define-data-property": "^1.1.4",
"delayed-stream": "^1.0.0",
"depd": "^2.0.0",
"diff": "^5.2.0",
"difflib": "^0.2.4",
"dir-glob": "^3.0.1",
"dunder-proto": "^1.0.1",
"eastasianwidth": "^0.2.0",
"elliptic": "^6.6.1",
"emoji-regex": "^8.0.0",
"enquirer": "^2.4.1",
"env-paths": "^2.2.1",
"es-define-property": "^1.0.1",
"es-errors": "^1.3.0",
"es-object-atoms": "^1.1.1",
"es-set-tostringtag": "^2.1.0",
"escalade": "^3.2.0",
"escape-string-regexp": "^4.0.0",
"escodegen": "^1.8.1",
"esprima": "^2.7.3",
"estraverse": "^1.9.3",
"esutils": "^2.0.3",
"ethereum-bloom-filters": "^1.2.0",
"ethereum-cryptography": "^0.1.3",
"ethereumjs-util": "^7.1.5",
"ethjs-unit": "^0.1.6",
"eventemitter3": "^5.0.1",
"evp_bytestokey": "^1.0.3",
"fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.3",
"fast-glob": "^3.3.3",
"fast-levenshtein": "^2.0.6",
"fast-uri": "^3.1.0",
"fastq": "^1.19.1",
"fill-range": "^7.1.1",
"find-replace": "^3.0.0",
"find-up": "^5.0.0",
"flat": "^5.0.2",
"follow-redirects": "^1.15.11",
"for-each": "^0.3.5",
"foreground-child": "^3.3.1",
"form-data": "^4.0.4",
"fp-ts": "^1.19.3",
"fs-extra": "^10.1.0",
"fs.realpath": "^1.0.0",
"function-bind": "^1.1.2",
"get-caller-file": "^2.0.5",
"get-func-name": "^2.0.2",
"get-intrinsic": "^1.3.0",
"get-proto": "^1.0.1",
"ghost-testrpc": "^0.0.2",
"glob": "^10.4.5",
"glob-parent": "^5.1.2",
"global-modules": "^2.0.0",
"global-prefix": "^3.0.0",
"globby": "^10.0.2",
"gopd": "^1.2.0",
"graceful-fs": "^4.2.11",
"handlebars": "^4.7.8",
"has-flag": "^4.0.0",
"has-property-descriptors": "^1.0.2",
"has-symbols": "^1.1.0",
"has-tostringtag": "^1.0.2",
"hash-base": "^3.1.2",
"hash.js": "^1.1.7",
"hasown": "^2.0.2",
"he": "^1.2.0",
"heap": "^0.2.7",
"hmac-drbg": "^1.0.1",
"http-errors": "^2.0.0",
"https-proxy-agent": "^5.0.1",
"iconv-lite": "^0.4.24",
"ignore": "^5.3.2",
"immer": "^10.0.2",
"immutable": "^4.3.7",
"indent-string": "^4.0.0",
"inflight": "^1.0.6",
"inherits": "^2.0.4",
"ini": "^1.3.8",
"interpret": "^1.4.0",
"io-ts": "^1.10.4",
"is-binary-path": "^2.1.0",
"is-callable": "^1.2.7",
"is-extglob": "^2.1.1",
"is-fullwidth-code-point": "^3.0.0",
"is-glob": "^4.0.3",
"is-hex-prefixed": "^1.0.0",
"is-number": "^7.0.0",
"is-plain-obj": "^2.1.0",
"is-typed-array": "^1.1.15",
"is-unicode-supported": "^0.1.0",
"isarray": "^2.0.5",
"isexe": "^2.0.0",
"isows": "^1.0.7",
"jackspeak": "^3.4.3",
"js-sha3": "^0.8.0",
"js-yaml": "^4.1.0",
"json-schema-traverse": "^1.0.0",
"json-stream-stringify": "^3.1.6",
"json-stringify-safe": "^5.0.1",
"json5": "^2.2.3",
"jsonfile": "^6.2.0",
"jsonschema": "^1.5.0",
"keccak": "^3.0.4",
"kind-of": "^6.0.3",
"kleur": "^3.0.3",
"levn": "^0.3.0",
"locate-path": "^6.0.0",
"lodash": "^4.17.21",
"lodash.camelcase": "^4.3.0",
"lodash.clonedeep": "^4.5.0",
"lodash.isequal": "^4.5.0",
"lodash.truncate": "^4.4.2",
"log-symbols": "^4.1.0",
"loupe": "^2.3.7",
"lru-cache": "^10.4.3",
"lru_map": "^0.3.3",
"make-error": "^1.3.6",
"markdown-table": "^2.0.0",
"math-intrinsics": "^1.1.0",
"md5.js": "^1.3.5",
"memorystream": "^0.3.1",
"merge2": "^1.4.1",
"micro-eth-signer": "^0.14.0",
"micro-ftch": "^0.3.1",
"micro-packed": "^0.7.3",
"micromatch": "^4.0.8",
"mime-db": "^1.52.0",
"mime-types": "^2.1.35",
"minimalistic-assert": "^1.0.1",
"minimalistic-crypto-utils": "^1.0.1",
"minimatch": "^9.0.5",
"minimist": "^1.2.8",
"minipass": "^7.1.2",
"mkdirp": "^0.5.6",
"mnemonist": "^0.38.5",
"ms": "^2.1.3",
"ndjson": "^2.0.0",
"neo-async": "^2.6.2",
"node-addon-api": "^2.0.2",
"node-emoji": "^1.11.0",
"node-gyp-build": "^4.8.4",
"nofilter": "^3.1.0",
"nopt": "^3.0.6",
"normalize-path": "^3.0.0",
"number-to-bn": "^1.7.0",
"obliterator": "^2.0.5",
"once": "^1.4.0",
"optionator": "^0.8.3",
"ordinal": "^1.0.3",
"os-tmpdir": "^1.0.2",
"ox": "^0.9.6",
"p-limit": "^3.1.0",
"p-locate": "^5.0.0",
"p-map": "^4.0.0",
"package-json-from-dist": "^1.0.1",
"path-exists": "^4.0.0",
"path-is-absolute": "^1.0.1",
"path-key": "^3.1.1",
"path-parse": "^1.0.7",
"path-scurry": "^1.11.1",
"path-type": "^4.0.0",
"pathval": "^1.1.1",
"pbkdf2": "^3.1.5",
"picocolors": "^1.1.1",
"picomatch": "^2.3.1",
"pify": "^4.0.1",
"possible-typed-array-names": "^1.1.0",
"prelude-ls": "^1.1.2",
"prettier": "^2.8.8",
"process-nextick-args": "^2.0.1",
"prompts": "^2.4.2",
"proxy-from-env": "^1.1.0",
"queue-microtask": "^1.2.3",
"randombytes": "^2.1.0",
"raw-body": "^2.5.2",
"readable-stream": "^3.6.2",
"readdirp": "^4.1.2",
"rechoir": "^0.6.2",
"recursive-readdir": "^2.2.3",
"reduce-flatten": "^2.0.0",
"repeat-string": "^1.6.1",
"require-directory": "^2.1.1",
"require-from-string": "^2.0.2",
"resolve": "^1.17.0",
"reusify": "^1.1.0",
"ripemd160": "^2.0.3",
"rlp": "^2.2.7",
"run-parallel": "^1.2.0",
"safe-buffer": "^5.2.1",
"safer-buffer": "^2.1.2",
"sc-istanbul": "^0.4.6",
"scrypt-js": "^3.0.1",
"secp256k1": "^4.0.4",
"semver": "^6.3.1",
"serialize-javascript": "^6.0.2",
"set-function-length": "^1.2.2",
"setimmediate": "^1.0.5",
"setprototypeof": "^1.2.0",
"sha.js": "^2.4.12",
"sha1": "^1.1.1",
"shebang-command": "^2.0.0",
"shebang-regex": "^3.0.0",
"shelljs": "^0.8.5",
"signal-exit": "^4.1.0",
"sisteransi": "^1.0.5",
"slash": "^3.0.0",
"slice-ansi": "^4.0.0",
"solc": "^0.8.26",
"source-map": "^0.2.0",
"source-map-support": "^0.5.21",
"split2": "^3.2.2",
"sprintf-js": "^1.0.3",
"stacktrace-parser": "^0.1.11",
"statuses": "^2.0.1",
"string-format": "^2.0.0",
"string-width": "^4.2.3",
"string-width-cjs": "^4.2.3",
"string_decoder": "^1.3.0",
"strip-ansi": "^6.0.1",
"strip-ansi-cjs": "^6.0.1",
"strip-hex-prefix": "^1.0.0",
"strip-json-comments": "^3.1.1",
"supports-color": "^7.2.0",
"table": "^6.9.0",
"table-layout": "^1.0.2",
"through2": "^4.0.2",
"tinyglobby": "^0.2.15",
"tmp": "^0.0.33",
"to-buffer": "^1.2.2",
"to-regex-range": "^5.0.1",
"toidentifier": "^1.0.1",
"ts-command-line-args": "^2.5.1",
"ts-essentials": "^7.0.3",
"tslib": "^2.7.0",
"tsort": "^0.0.1",
"type-check": "^0.3.2",
"type-detect": "^4.1.0",
"type-fest": "^0.21.3",
"typed-array-buffer": "^1.0.3",
"typical": "^4.0.0",
"uglify-js": "^3.19.3",
"undici": "^5.29.0",
"undici-types": "^7.13.0",
"universalify": "^2.0.1",
"unpipe": "^1.0.0",
"utf8": "^3.0.0",
"util-deprecate": "^1.0.2",
"uuid": "^8.3.2",
"v8-compile-cache-lib": "^3.0.1",
"viem": "^2.37.11",
"web3-utils": "^1.10.4",
"which": "^2.0.2",
"which-typed-array": "^1.1.19",
"widest-line": "^3.1.0",
"word-wrap": "^1.2.5",
"wordwrap": "^1.0.0",
"wordwrapjs": "^4.0.1",
"workerpool": "^6.5.1",
"wrap-ansi": "^7.0.0",
"wrap-ansi-cjs": "^7.0.0",
"wrappy": "^1.0.2",
"ws": "^8.17.1",
"y18n": "^5.0.8",
"yargs": "^16.2.0",
"yargs-parser": "^20.2.9",
"yargs-unparser": "^2.0.0",
"yn": "^3.1.1",
"yocto-queue": "^0.1.0"
}
}Executando outra vez o npm init -y, percebam que a lista de dependências foi atualizada para a versão \(3\):
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v3-ts]$ npm init -y
Wrote to /home/rag/projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v3-ts/package.json:
{
"name": "projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "This project showcases a Hardhat 3 Beta project using `mocha` for tests and the `ethers` library for Ethereum interactions.",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
},
"keywords": [],
"author": "",
"license": "ISC",
"type": "module",
"devDependencies": {
"@nomicfoundation/hardhat-ignition": "^3.0.3",
"@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox-mocha-ethers": "^3.0.0",
"@types/chai": "^4.3.20",
"@types/chai-as-promised": "^8.0.2",
"@types/mocha": "^10.0.10",
"@types/node": "^22.18.7",
"chai": "^5.3.3",
"ethers": "^6.15.0",
"forge-std": "github:foundry-rs/forge-std#v1.9.4",
"hardhat": "^3.0.6",
"mocha": "^11.7.3",
"typescript": "~5.8.0"
},
"directories": {
"test": "test"
},
"dependencies": {
"adm-zip": "^0.4.16",
"aes-js": "^4.0.0-beta.5",
"ansi-colors": "^4.1.3",
"ansi-regex": "^5.0.1",
"ansi-styles": "^6.2.3",
"argparse": "^2.0.1",
"array-back": "^3.1.0",
"assertion-error": "^2.0.1",
"balanced-match": "^1.0.2",
"bn.js": "^5.2.2",
"brace-expansion": "^2.0.2",
"brorand": "^1.1.0",
"browser-stdout": "^1.3.1",
"camelcase": "^6.3.0",
"cbor2": "^1.12.0",
"chai-as-promised": "^8.0.2",
"chalk": "^5.6.2",
"check-error": "^2.1.1",
"chokidar": "^4.0.3",
"cliui": "^8.0.1",
"color-convert": "^2.0.1",
"color-name": "^1.1.4",
"command-line-args": "^5.2.1",
"command-line-usage": "^6.1.3",
"concat-map": "^0.0.1",
"cross-spawn": "^7.0.6",
"debug": "^4.4.3",
"decamelize": "^4.0.0",
"deep-eql": "^5.0.2",
"deep-extend": "^0.6.0",
"diff": "^7.0.0",
"eastasianwidth": "^0.2.0",
"elliptic": "^6.6.1",
"emoji-regex": "^9.2.2",
"enquirer": "^2.4.1",
"env-paths": "^2.2.1",
"esbuild": "^0.25.10",
"escalade": "^3.2.0",
"escape-string-regexp": "^4.0.0",
"ethereum-cryptography": "^2.2.1",
"fast-equals": "^5.3.2",
"find-replace": "^3.0.0",
"find-up": "^5.0.0",
"flat": "^5.0.2",
"foreground-child": "^3.3.1",
"fs-extra": "^7.0.1",
"fs.realpath": "^1.0.0",
"get-caller-file": "^2.0.5",
"get-tsconfig": "^4.10.1",
"glob": "^10.4.5",
"graceful-fs": "^4.2.11",
"has-flag": "^4.0.0",
"hash.js": "^1.1.7",
"he": "^1.2.0",
"hmac-drbg": "^1.0.1",
"immer": "^10.0.2",
"inflight": "^1.0.6",
"inherits": "^2.0.4",
"is-fullwidth-code-point": "^3.0.0",
"is-plain-obj": "^2.1.0",
"is-unicode-supported": "^0.1.0",
"isexe": "^2.0.0",
"jackspeak": "^3.4.3",
"js-sha3": "^0.8.0",
"js-yaml": "^4.1.0",
"json-stream-stringify": "^3.1.6",
"json-stringify-safe": "^5.0.1",
"json5": "^2.2.3",
"jsonfile": "^4.0.0",
"kleur": "^3.0.3",
"locate-path": "^6.0.0",
"lodash": "^4.17.21",
"lodash-es": "^4.17.21",
"lodash.camelcase": "^4.3.0",
"log-symbols": "^4.1.0",
"loupe": "^3.2.1",
"lru-cache": "^10.4.3",
"micro-eth-signer": "^0.14.0",
"micro-packed": "^0.7.3",
"minimalistic-assert": "^1.0.1",
"minimalistic-crypto-utils": "^1.0.1",
"minimatch": "^9.0.5",
"minimist": "^1.2.8",
"minipass": "^7.1.2",
"mkdirp": "^1.0.4",
"ms": "^2.1.3",
"ndjson": "^2.0.0",
"once": "^1.4.0",
"p-limit": "^3.1.0",
"p-locate": "^5.0.0",
"p-map": "^7.0.3",
"package-json-from-dist": "^1.0.1",
"path-exists": "^4.0.0",
"path-is-absolute": "^1.0.1",
"path-key": "^3.1.1",
"path-scurry": "^1.11.1",
"pathval": "^2.0.1",
"picocolors": "^1.1.1",
"prettier": "^2.8.8",
"prompts": "^2.4.2",
"randombytes": "^2.1.0",
"readable-stream": "^3.6.2",
"readdirp": "^4.1.2",
"reduce-flatten": "^2.0.0",
"require-directory": "^2.1.1",
"resolve-pkg-maps": "^1.0.0",
"resolve.exports": "^2.0.3",
"rfdc": "^1.4.1",
"safe-buffer": "^5.2.1",
"semver": "^7.7.2",
"serialize-javascript": "^6.0.2",
"shebang-command": "^2.0.0",
"shebang-regex": "^3.0.0",
"signal-exit": "^4.1.0",
"sisteransi": "^1.0.5",
"split2": "^3.2.2",
"string-format": "^2.0.0",
"string-width": "^5.1.2",
"string-width-cjs": "^4.2.3",
"string_decoder": "^1.3.0",
"strip-ansi": "^6.0.1",
"strip-ansi-cjs": "^6.0.1",
"strip-json-comments": "^3.1.1",
"supports-color": "^8.1.1",
"table-layout": "^1.0.2",
"through2": "^4.0.2",
"ts-command-line-args": "^2.5.1",
"ts-essentials": "^7.0.3",
"tslib": "^2.7.0",
"tsx": "^4.20.6",
"typechain": "^8.3.2",
"typical": "^4.0.0",
"undici": "^6.21.3",
"undici-types": "^6.21.0",
"universalify": "^0.1.2",
"util-deprecate": "^1.0.2",
"which": "^2.0.2",
"wordwrapjs": "^4.0.1",
"workerpool": "^9.3.4",
"wrap-ansi": "^8.1.0",
"wrap-ansi-cjs": "^7.0.0",
"wrappy": "^1.0.2",
"ws": "^8.17.1",
"y18n": "^5.0.8",
"yargs": "^17.7.2",
"yargs-parser": "^21.1.1",
"yargs-unparser": "^2.0.0",
"yocto-queue": "^0.1.0",
"zod": "^3.25.76"
}
}
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v3-ts]$12.4 Criando um novo contrato
Vamos criar um contrato com nome de HelloWorld para testarmos. Na versão \(2\), no diretório projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts, crie o arquivo HelloWorld.sol no diretório contracts e insira o conteúdo apresentado no Código:
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.28;
contract HelloWorld {
string public message = "Hello World!";
function helloWorld() public view returns (string memory) {
return message;
}
}Para testar o contrato HelloWorld.sol crie o arquivo HelloWorld.test.ts no diretório test com o conteúdo:
const {
time,
loadFixture,
} = require("@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox/network-helpers");
const { anyValue } = require("@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers/withArgs");
const { expect } = require("chai");
const { ethers } = require ("hardhat");
describe("HelloWorld", function() {
});
async function deployFixture() {
const [owner, otherAccount] = await ethers.getSigners();
const HelloWorld = await ethers.getContractFactory("HelloWorld");
const helloWorld = await HelloWorld.deploy();
return { helloWorld, owner, otherAccount };
}
describe("Say Hello", function () {
it("Should Hello the world", async () => {
const { helloWorld } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
expect(await helloWorld.helloWorld()).equal("Hello World!");
});
});Para executar o teste para o contrato basta executar o comando npx hardhat test. Serão testados todos os contratos HelloWorld e o Lock:
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat]$ npx hardhat test
Say Hello
✔ Should Hello the world (53ms)
Lock
Deployment
✔ Should set the right unlockTime
✔ Should set the right owner
✔ Should receive and store the funds to lock
✔ Should fail if the unlockTime is not in the future
Withdrawals
Validations
✔ Should revert with the right error if called too soon
✔ Should revert with the right error if called from another account
✔ Shouldn't fail if the unlockTime has arrived and the owner calls it
Events
✔ Should emit an event on withdrawals
Transfers
✔ Should transfer the funds to the owner
10 passing (118ms)
·············································································································
| Solidity and Network Configuration │
························|·················|···············|·················|································
| Solidity: 0.8.28 · Optim: false · Runs: 200 · viaIR: false · Block: 30,000,000 gas │
························|·················|···············|·················|································
| Methods │
························|·················|···············|·················|················|···············
| Contracts / Methods · Min · Max · Avg · # calls · usd (avg) │
························|·················|···············|·················|················|···············
| Lock · │
························|·················|···············|·················|················|···············
| withdraw · - · - · 34,096 · 7 · - │
························|·················|···············|·················|················|···············
| Deployments · · % of limit · │
························|·················|···············|·················|················|···············
| HelloWorld · - · - · 247,165 · 0.8 % · - │
························|·················|···············|·················|················|···············
| Lock · - · - · 326,112 · 1.1 % · - │
························|·················|···············|·················|················|···············
| Key │
·············································································································
| ◯ Execution gas for this method does not include intrinsic gas overhead │
·············································································································
| △ Cost was non-zero but below the precision setting for the currency display (see options) │
·············································································································
| Toolchain: hardhat │
·············································································································
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat]$ Se a versão do hardhat escolhida foi a \(3\):
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v3-ts]$ npx hardhat test
Compiling your Solidity contracts...
Compiled 2 Solidity files with solc 0.8.28 (evm target: cancun)
Running Solidity tests
contracts/Counter.t.sol:CounterTest
✔ test_InitialValue()
✔ test_IncByZero()
✔ testFuzz_Inc(uint8) (runs: 256)
3 passing
Running Mocha tests
✔ Should Hello the world (79ms)
Counter
✔ Should emit the Increment event when calling the inc() function
✔ The sum of the Increment events should match the current value (116ms)
3 passing (229ms)
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v3-ts]$ Vamos adicionar o contrato HelloWorld. Na versão \(2\), no diretório projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v3-ts, crie o arquivo HelloWorld.sol no diretório contracts e insira o conteúdo apresentado no Código:
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.28;
contract HelloWorld {
string public message = "Hello World!";
function helloWorld() public view returns (string memory) {
return message;
}
}Para testar o contrato HelloWorld.sol crie o arquivo HelloWorld.test.ts no diretório test com o conteúdo:
import { expect } from "chai";
import { network } from "hardhat";
const { ethers } = await network.connect();
describe("HelloWorld", () => {
});
it("Should Hello the world", async () => {
const helloWorld = await ethers.deployContract("HelloWorld");
const deploymentBlockNumber = await ethers.provider.getBlockNumber();
expect(await helloWorld.helloWorld()).to.equal("Hello World!");
});Para executar o teste para o contrato basta executar o comando npx hardhat test. Serão testados todos os contratos HelloWorld e o Counter:
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v3-ts]$ npx hardhat test
Compiling your Solidity contracts...
Nothing to compile
Running Solidity tests
0 passing
Running Mocha tests
HelloWorld
✔ Should Hello the world (56ms)
1 passing (56ms)
[projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v3-ts]$ 12.5 Iniciando uma simulada pelo Hardhat
Para iniciarmos uma rede simulada que responderá no endereço http://127.0.0.1:8545. Para isso é necessário que coloquemos no arquivo hardhat.config.js as configurações da rede local:
/** @type import('hardhat/config').HardhatUserConfig */
module.exports = {
solidity: "0.8.19",
networks: {
local: {
chainId: 31337,
url: "http://localhost:8545/",
accounts: {
mnemonic: "test test test test test test test test test test test junk"
}
}
}
};Executando o comando npx hardhat node --network hardhat a rede será criada e \(20\) contas serão criadas com o saldo de \(10000 ETH\) cada uma.
[rag@backporting projeto-hello-solidity-hardhat-v2-ts]$ npx hardhat node --network hardhat
Started HTTP and WebSocket JSON-RPC server at http://127.0.0.1:8545/
Accounts
========
WARNING: These accounts, and their private keys, are publicly known.
Any funds sent to them on Mainnet or any other live network WILL BE LOST.
Account #0: 0xf39Fd6e51aad88F6F4ce6aB8827279cffFb92266 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80
Account #1: 0x70997970C51812dc3A010C7d01b50e0d17dc79C8 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x59c6995e998f97a5a0044966f0945389dc9e86dae88c7a8412f4603b6b78690d
Account #2: 0x3C44CdDdB6a900fa2b585dd299e03d12FA4293BC (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x5de4111afa1a4b94908f83103eb1f1706367c2e68ca870fc3fb9a804cdab365a
Account #3: 0x90F79bf6EB2c4f870365E785982E1f101E93b906 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x7c852118294e51e653712a81e05800f419141751be58f605c371e15141b007a6
Account #4: 0x15d34AAf54267DB7D7c367839AAf71A00a2C6A65 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x47e179ec197488593b187f80a00eb0da91f1b9d0b13f8733639f19c30a34926a
Account #5: 0x9965507D1a55bcC2695C58ba16FB37d819B0A4dc (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x8b3a350cf5c34c9194ca85829a2df0ec3153be0318b5e2d3348e872092edffba
Account #6: 0x976EA74026E726554dB657fA54763abd0C3a0aa9 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x92db14e403b83dfe3df233f83dfa3a0d7096f21ca9b0d6d6b8d88b2b4ec1564e
Account #7: 0x14dC79964da2C08b23698B3D3cc7Ca32193d9955 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x4bbbf85ce3377467afe5d46f804f221813b2bb87f24d81f60f1fcdbf7cbf4356
Account #8: 0x23618e81E3f5cdF7f54C3d65f7FBc0aBf5B21E8f (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xdbda1821b80551c9d65939329250298aa3472ba22feea921c0cf5d620ea67b97
Account #9: 0xa0Ee7A142d267C1f36714E4a8F75612F20a79720 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x2a871d0798f97d79848a013d4936a73bf4cc922c825d33c1cf7073dff6d409c6
Account #10: 0xBcd4042DE499D14e55001CcbB24a551F3b954096 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xf214f2b2cd398c806f84e317254e0f0b801d0643303237d97a22a48e01628897
Account #11: 0x71bE63f3384f5fb98995898A86B02Fb2426c5788 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x701b615bbdfb9de65240bc28bd21bbc0d996645a3dd57e7b12bc2bdf6f192c82
Account #12: 0xFABB0ac9d68B0B445fB7357272Ff202C5651694a (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xa267530f49f8280200edf313ee7af6b827f2a8bce2897751d06a843f644967b1
Account #13: 0x1CBd3b2770909D4e10f157cABC84C7264073C9Ec (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x47c99abed3324a2707c28affff1267e45918ec8c3f20b8aa892e8b065d2942dd
Account #14: 0xdF3e18d64BC6A983f673Ab319CCaE4f1a57C7097 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xc526ee95bf44d8fc405a158bb884d9d1238d99f0612e9f33d006bb0789009aaa
Account #15: 0xcd3B766CCDd6AE721141F452C550Ca635964ce71 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x8166f546bab6da521a8369cab06c5d2b9e46670292d85c875ee9ec20e84ffb61
Account #16: 0x2546BcD3c84621e976D8185a91A922aE77ECEc30 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xea6c44ac03bff858b476bba40716402b03e41b8e97e276d1baec7c37d42484a0
Account #17: 0xbDA5747bFD65F08deb54cb465eB87D40e51B197E (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x689af8efa8c651a91ad287602527f3af2fe9f6501a7ac4b061667b5a93e037fd
Account #18: 0xdD2FD4581271e230360230F9337D5c0430Bf44C0 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xde9be858da4a475276426320d5e9262ecfc3ba460bfac56360bfa6c4c28b4ee0
Account #19: 0x8626f6940E2eb28930eFb4CeF49B2d1F2C9C1199 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xdf57089febbacf7ba0bc227dafbffa9fc08a93fdc68e1e42411a14efcf23656e
WARNING: These accounts, and their private keys, are publicly known.
Any funds sent to them on Mainnet or any other live network WILL BE LOST.12.6 Adicionando a Rede para ser listada em um block explorer
Inicie o expediton conforme Prática sobre Instalação de Block Explorers Locais para as Redes de Testes: Instalando Block Explorers Locais para as Redes de Testes.
$ cd expedition
[expediton]$ export NODE_OPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider
[expediton]$ npm start
Compiled successfully!
You can now view @xops.net/expedition in the browser.
Local: http://localhost:3000
On Your Network: http://192.168.100.104:3000
Note that the development build is not optimized.
To create a production build, use npm run build.Configure a rede Hardhat Network no expedition.
Acessando as informações da rede Hardhat no expedition.
Ao ser configurada a rede no expedition irão aparecer as mensagens de sincronização no terminal em que a rede do hardhat foi iniciada.
eth_blockNumber
net_peerCount
eth_chainId
eth_gasPrice
eth_getBlockByNumber (3)
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber (2)
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber (2)
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber (2)
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber (2)
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber (2)
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber (2)
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber (2)
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber (2)
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber (2)
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber (2)
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber (2)
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber
eth_syncing
eth_blockNumber (2)
...Vamos adicionar a rede Hardhat Network e as duas primeiras contas no Metamask:
Adicionando as contas da Rede do Hardhat no Metamask:
Account #0: 0xf39Fd6e51aad88F6F4ce6aB8827279cffFb92266 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80
Account #1: 0x70997970C51812dc3A010C7d01b50e0d17dc79C8 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x59c6995e998f97a5a0044966f0945389dc9e86dae88c7a8412f4603b6b78690dNa lista de contas do Metamask adicione as duas contas utilizando a chave privada gerada pelo Hardhat para a rede simulada.
Todas as contas foram criadas e inicializadas com \(10000 ETH\). Vamos enviar um valor da Account 9 para a Account 10.
Selecionamos a conta que irá receber a transferência, no exemplo a Account 10.
Indicamos o valor de \(100 ETH\) a ser transferido e clicamos em continuar.
Após o envio será necessário confirmarmos a transação.
O registro da transação enviada irá aparecer no console onde a rede simulada está executando.
eth_blockNumber (2)
eth_sendRawTransaction
Transaction: 0xdf06078a30c28d74d25d75934d714b69229f4e0119123e6c4a9069d6a886032c
From: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266
To: 0x70997970c51812dc3a010c7d01b50e0d17dc79c8
Value: 100 ETH
Gas used: 21000 of 21001
Block #1: 0x46701cf40a4890d9865c4e29b4c9d1b92caadb0a3c5e48d581880cb1fdb6867d
eth_blockNumber
eth_getBlockByNumber
eth_getTransactionReceipt
eth_getBalance (10)
eth_getBlockByHash
eth_gasPriceNa interface do Metamask irá aparecer que a transação foi confirmada.
E clicando sobre o status de confirmação podemos acessar os detalhes da transação "Ver no explorador de blocos" que irá para o link no expedition. Ou podemos copiar o ID da transação 0xdf06078a30c28d74d25d75934d714b69229f4e0119123e6c4a9069d6a886032c e pesquisar na consulta do expedition.
A lista de blocos pode ser acessada na interface do expedition.
As informações do bloco \(1\) podem ser acessadas pelo link na coluna Block number http://localhost:3000/block/0x46701cf40a4890d9865c4e29b4c9d1b92caadb0a3c5e48d581880cb1fdb6867d?network=Hardhat%20-%20Network.
As informações do bloco irão ser apresentadas na interface do expedition.
Clicando sobre a transação, as informações serão apresentadas.
0xdf06078a30c28d74d25d75934d714b69229f4e0119123e6c4a9069d6a886032cSe no console da rede simulada do Hardhat aparecer a mensagem:
eth_sendRawTransaction
Nonce too high. Expected nonce to be 0 but got 1. Note that transactions can't be queued when automining.É só ir no Metamask em Configurações, então em Avançado e clique em Clear activity and nonce data.
12.7 Considerações Finais
Nesta aula vimos uma introdução ao uso do hardhat para fazer testes e deploy de contratos inteligentes em redes locais e de testes.
12.8 Leitura Recomendada
ImportantLeitura Recomendada
Capítulo 15: Introducing Web3
13 Word Cloud
